Coated-Gloss
UV- Ultra violet coating
Glass and Plastic
Can be applied on spot locations of the paper by flooding the page
Can also be used with wood
Coated/Un-Coated
Papers are easily distinguished
Coated has a shimmer to its surface
Will feel smooth and waxy to the touch
Un-coated papers appear matte and will feel rougher or grainier to touch
Coated papers as being like a pane of glass
Un-coated like a sponge
Printed coated will appear bright and colourful almost as though the user were sitting on the surface
Die-cut manufacturing process used to generate large numbers of the same shape from a material such as wood, plastic, metal or fabric
Emboss/Deboss
Emboss it to raise an image up above the surface of the paper whereas debossing pushes the image down into the surface of the paper
Either process can have colour or can be blind. i.e no colour
Produced on letterpress equipment, require film and metal dies to be made
Laminate
The litho-laminate process is a means of creating corrugating board that has a high quality, litho printing surface. The litho laminating process can be sub-divided into 3 main types- Inline, offline, and sheet to sheet
Duplex- Printing is a feature of computer printers and multi-function printers (MFPs) That allows the automatic printing of a sheet on both sides
Foiling- Stamping, typically a commercial print process is the application of pigment or metallic foil, often gold or silver can be various patterns or what is know as pastel foil
To Do...
With a focus on stock, substrate and 'special' print finishes find as many variants as possible for each of the following ares:
Branding and Identity
Packaging and Promotion
Publishing and Editorial
Information and way finding
You should consider Production values, Scale and functionality in relation to appropriate contexts and target audiences and evaluate their impact on the design decisions that you have been made.
Whereever possible you should aim to collect physical/actual examples of print as this will help you to evaluate the important tactile, formal and functional elements of your source material.
Your findings should be recorded and critically evaluated on you Design Context blog.
Tuesday, 12 November 2013
OUGD504 Print induction
Embossing and Photo Etching
Etching-Line or tone work
Shallow marks on a copper plate
Cover copper in varnish, then you can etch the lines
Photo Etching
Coat to plate in light sensitive uv then you expose the copper to get the image
San-serif fonts, no smaller then 10pt/12pt
the serif starts to fill out when etched.
Fine line between detail and depth
7hrs to etch
Metal and MDF, good to use, card starts to impact.
Etch photos and print them, it was originally for.
Roll the ink, try avoid embossing letters with ink as the colour/ink doesn't come through.
If you don't want embossing marks then the copper plate needs to be bigger then the substrate i.e paper
How to make the plate
Copper plate, check for marks
Sand it in circular motion
Desgrease it
Scrub with sponge
Rinse so the water runs of in a sheet
Blot it, with paper rub over the top
Light sensitive film
Put the plate on a press
three layers
UV sensitive
Peel off the frosted layers
Put plate on acetate
Add the blankets on the press
Press needs to be tight
Wind through steadily
As it goes through smooth it off
Do not touch, adds anchor points
Rotate 90 degrees
Run it back- "Good workout"
Can go faster, irons out air bubbles
Get rid of acetate
Air bubbles would create a positive mark
Cut off the excess edges,using knife
Go to uv box
Place positive, ink side down
Lettering print out as you read
Piece if skotch tape place on top
Sellotape will create lines
Clamp UV box
Vacum on
7-9 line units
Sodium Carbohydrate
10grams
18 degrees centegrade
Little bit of hot then cold water to dissolve
More sodium develops quicker
Hotter waters develops it quicker
3 lots of it in the bath. Averages it out
when the UV box is done the light goes out
Turn vacuum off
Should go a darker blue
Take the protective layer off
Place in the bath
Time it
Rub with a sponge every 30 seconds
Embossing plate can be too over liberal/ liberal
As it develops gets lighter
Run your fingers over the top to feel if it has gone
Finest of films can cause a blockage
In corners tiny specks create a barrier
So check for these thoroughly
Rinse with cold water
Flush thoroughly
Blot dry
Leave to dry off in the screen rom for a few minutes
Good business cards/book covers
Face down, blast with uv light 70 light units
Vacum on
The film gelatine-Post hardening makes it rigid and brittle
Tape it up over the type, smooth then trip the excess
Tape a hook to the back
Chloride, brown and bubbling
Put it in the acid for 7 hours
Transfers copper solution
Slides down the place
Gravity draws out, so needs to be rotated
Allows it to be neater and even
If you forget about the plate and leave it for longer then 7 hours then it
can burn all the way through the copper.
Time consuming process
Emboss
Place plate in the centre of the board
Whatever you want to emboss on top
Put tissue over the top for better result
Slide into the hydraulic nipping press
Wheel tighten towards you.
Black button out
Pump the handle
Bed rises up
Push button in
Pump the handle
Different results, different effect
More pressure more depth
4,000 pounds per sq inch- 6,000 pounds per sq inch
Black button out
Undo the wheel
then you have the emboss
make sure everything is central, so its even.
Etching-Line or tone work
Shallow marks on a copper plate
Cover copper in varnish, then you can etch the lines
Photo Etching
Coat to plate in light sensitive uv then you expose the copper to get the image
San-serif fonts, no smaller then 10pt/12pt
the serif starts to fill out when etched.
Fine line between detail and depth
7hrs to etch
Metal and MDF, good to use, card starts to impact.
Etch photos and print them, it was originally for.
Roll the ink, try avoid embossing letters with ink as the colour/ink doesn't come through.
If you don't want embossing marks then the copper plate needs to be bigger then the substrate i.e paper
How to make the plate
Copper plate, check for marks
Sand it in circular motion
Desgrease it
Scrub with sponge
Rinse so the water runs of in a sheet
Blot it, with paper rub over the top
Light sensitive film
Put the plate on a press
three layers
UV sensitive
Peel off the frosted layers
Put plate on acetate
Add the blankets on the press
Press needs to be tight
Wind through steadily
As it goes through smooth it off
Do not touch, adds anchor points
Rotate 90 degrees
Run it back- "Good workout"
Can go faster, irons out air bubbles
Get rid of acetate
Air bubbles would create a positive mark
Cut off the excess edges,using knife
Go to uv box
Place positive, ink side down
Lettering print out as you read
Piece if skotch tape place on top
Sellotape will create lines
Clamp UV box
Vacum on
7-9 line units
Sodium Carbohydrate
10grams
18 degrees centegrade
Little bit of hot then cold water to dissolve
More sodium develops quicker
Hotter waters develops it quicker
3 lots of it in the bath. Averages it out
when the UV box is done the light goes out
Turn vacuum off
Should go a darker blue
Take the protective layer off
Place in the bath
Time it
Rub with a sponge every 30 seconds
Embossing plate can be too over liberal/ liberal
As it develops gets lighter
Run your fingers over the top to feel if it has gone
Finest of films can cause a blockage
In corners tiny specks create a barrier
So check for these thoroughly
Rinse with cold water
Flush thoroughly
Blot dry
Leave to dry off in the screen rom for a few minutes
Good business cards/book covers
Face down, blast with uv light 70 light units
Vacum on
The film gelatine-Post hardening makes it rigid and brittle
Tape it up over the type, smooth then trip the excess
Tape a hook to the back
Chloride, brown and bubbling
Put it in the acid for 7 hours
Transfers copper solution
Slides down the place
Gravity draws out, so needs to be rotated
Allows it to be neater and even
If you forget about the plate and leave it for longer then 7 hours then it
can burn all the way through the copper.
Time consuming process
Emboss
Place plate in the centre of the board
Whatever you want to emboss on top
Put tissue over the top for better result
Slide into the hydraulic nipping press
Wheel tighten towards you.
Black button out
Pump the handle
Bed rises up
Push button in
Pump the handle
Different results, different effect
More pressure more depth
4,000 pounds per sq inch- 6,000 pounds per sq inch
Black button out
Undo the wheel
then you have the emboss
make sure everything is central, so its even.
COP2 OUGD501
Ten Footnotes to a Manifesto- a critical analysis of First things First Manifesto
The footnotes:
1.
The first things first Manifesto 2000
Graphic design suggests to be invaluable as more graphic designers are designing purely for commercial products rather then projects that could have more of an impact but on a smaller scale
Re-written where more designers became aware and agreed with these finalised thoughts that they signed the Manifesto
The footnotes:
1.
The first things first Manifesto 2000
'for its obsession with the production of inconsequential commercial work and suggested instead an emphasis on more worthy projects of benefit to humanity.'
Graphic design suggests to be invaluable as more graphic designers are designing purely for commercial products rather then projects that could have more of an impact but on a smaller scale
'the references and sharpening the argument but otherwise leaving the spirit intact, and it was circulated by Lasn, Dixon and Emigre's Rudy Vanderlans to an international group of designers, many of whom signed it.'
Re-written where more designers became aware and agreed with these finalised thoughts that they signed the Manifesto
'the revamped manifesto was receded by a historical overview of thoughtfully captioned political osiers and other cause related graphics. These in turn were contrasted with examples of contemporary commercial work, including packing for the Gillette Mach 3 razor
Monday, 4 November 2013
OUDG501 COP2 The Gaze and the Media Seminar
The Gaze and the Media
The gaze is voyeurism (freud) Sexual desire, Visual Culture (art and media) Looking at art/media images etc is not necessarily neutral. 'Men act women appear' (Berger,1972) That has finally been acknowledged but is a long way of to being changed. Is a Conventional idea. Men- Purpose/ Power Women- Subject/Object Broadly in our society visual representations are skewed, it is broadly represented by the attitudes and opinions of men.
Painting Hans Memling, Vanity 1400
http://www.artinthepicture.com/paintings/Hans_Memling/Vanity/
04/11/2013
Was saying that it is ok to look at this naked women because she is looking at her self in vain.
The women is looking out at the audience however she is holding a mirror to the side, but the reflection is a front view.
It is a painting of a nude women by a man. Art was primarily made by men up until the 70's the people who bought art would be bought by men. As the vast majority of wealth came from men. Men are in control of money, property and production. They were seen to have economical power.
The reason it is a women and not a man is because a man will buy it, he wouldn't want to look at a naked man. Designed to make the man feel secure about his sexuality and his own power.
Fantasy that never challenges the owner. The painting cant argue back or be confrontational. Designed to keep you looking.
The artist has called it vanity which is to kind of have a laugh at women for being vain. Sexualising women and then laughing at women for being concerned about the way she looks. Reveals the nastiness of culture for laughing at women with how society has been organised.
Alexandre Caranel 'Birth of Venus' 1863
Seen as acceptable however the Manet Painting was seen as a scandal. The image below is of a Women who was a prostitute, she is also looking straight at the audience as the image above is more flirtatious. The image above is a fantasy and the image below is a sordid reality. The image above is about admiring the beauty of the female form. The image below is shocking because it is challenging the stable world view. Not as sexually available as what you would like it to be. The gaze is met which makes you realize that the subject has been met.
EDOUARD MANET: "Olympia", 1863
The above image has been re worked into the one below. Cat is a symbol for independence where as a dog is seen as mans best friend. It is sanitised and normalised to be just Art. It is sexual and voyristic exploiting women.
Titian's Venus of Urbino 1538
Men dream of women, women dream of being dreamt of. John Bergers Documentary
Thursday, 31 October 2013
OUGD501 Gaze and the Media Lecture
The Gaze and the media.
'According to usage and conventions which are at last being questioned but by have'
Hans memling
Blames the woman for the display of her body, because she holds a mirror because she is therefore looking at herself, it is okay for us or others to look at her. The hammer of witches, allows people to prosecute woman as witches, any of those outside the norm. If you drowned you were innocent, if you floated you were guilty.
Fashion magazine.
The device of the mirror appears in contemporary fashion images, we cannot see her eyes or reflection in the mirror. She is pre-occupied by looking at herself, this gives us permission as the viewers to gaze at her too. A moment of spying upon her.
Birth of venus.
The woman in this image is partially covering her eyes, per or post sleep, we are left to regard the named body uninterrupted. We are invited by the artist, but the woman also does not stop us.
Sophie Dahl for opium.
This version of the advert was deemed too sexual for publishing, felt that it was too sexual and wouldnt pass the advertising standard. The advert was then turbed on its side, the advert now had more emphasis on the face rather than the body.
Titan's venus urbino. (1538)
Women looks out of the side of her eyes, a flirty invitation, we are then made to feel we are spying on her. The curtain dictates a personal space. Left hand covering herself modestly or a sexual gesture?
MANET olympia (1863)
- A modern nude.
An example of the slight differences of pose. Similar body position, There is a difference in the woman's gaze. Here there is a challenge to the gaze. Hand position is definite, stopping the viewer from viewing this part of her body. The woman is actually a prostitute, rather than being a mythological figure, she is a modern nude and she has the symbols of wealth, jewellery and a servant. Money is celebrated with this powerful female figure vs mythological woman.
Ingnes 'Le grand Odalisque' (1814)
The gorilla girls took the image and made it into a poster which they put on buses.
Less than 5% of modern artists are woman.
85% of the nudes are female.
MANET Bar at the folies bergeres (1882)
Makes painting as a self portrait. skeud perspective, mirror reflects her back but not as it should do in feel life. Reflected in the mirror behind her is the Paris society, which she is not a part of, from this we are able to depict the tradgedy of the photo, it also highlughts the superficiality of the Parisian culture.
Jeff wall 'Picture for women'
Same position as the previous painting, the image is complex. There is a mirrored wall behind her where he is reflected, image is divided into thirds, camera represents Manet, photographer is separated from female figure. Refers to the use of Manet's painting.
Coward. R. 1984.
The camera in contemporary media has been out to use as an extension of the male gaze at the women on the street.
Model is wearing sunglasses which means that the gaze cannot be returned, we are able to gaze at her without feeling we are being looked back at.
Eva Herzigova (1994)
Looking down at the people below, we are able to survey her without her knowing.
'Peeping tom' (1960)
The problem with objectification of the body results in the ditatchment of who women really are, real women.
The profusion of images which characterises contemporary society could be seen as obsessive distancing of women. A form of voyeurism.
The female body is not the only who is objectified.
He is 'sleeping' we are able to look at the image.
The problem is the volume of images.
In what frequency is objectification evident in ads.
Although male objectification has been increased it is no way balanced.
however this balance does no reflect the POWER balance.
Dolce and Gabbana. (2007)
all our gazes are returned, we are no passive.
Laura Mulberry.
Studies spectatorship in Hollywood cinema.
Looks at the way bodies are chopped up by the camera, framing where if there is a sexual scene, what parts of the body are in close up. Making the body partial removes us from the actress, the females in the films are never the driver os the story, they are reacting passively to the male characters.
In the cinema, one may look without being seen, by those on screen and those in the audience. Facilitate the voyueristic process of objectification of female characters and the identification if the ideal ego on screen.
Women are active and aggressive. Reposition the role of women in art history. The idea of the artist as a genius is always given to a male figure. Making their voices visible. Women are marginalised within masculine discourses of art history.' Women are supposed to be marginalised.
Cindy Sherman (1977-79) Untitled film still #6
Work challenges the gaze.
Image is turned upright so that there is more of a focus on the face.
Holding a mirror, rathern than looking at herself. We are denied the narritive that allows us to look at her without her looking back. There is something staged and awkward looking about the image.
Barbara Kruger (1981) Your gaze hits the side of my face.
Newspaper impression, reference to some sort of violent connotation, of objectifying women by looking at them.
Sarah Lucas 'Eating a bannana'
Pictures herself eating a banana. Humourous work with a strong message, returning the male gaze.
Self portrait with fried eyes - describes women with flat chests. No way that we are allowed to look at her without feeling challenged.
Tracey Emin 'Money photo' 2001.
Work couldnt be real or genuine because she was making so much money out of it, seen as prostitution.
In 2013 we still have page 3, a naked picture in a national newspaper for anybody to see. Caroline Lucas MP in june 2013. Was asked to remove her tshirt, draws attention to the ludicrous acts. The sun itself was availible in palimentry houses. (No more page 3)
It does strike me as irony ans the t shirt is not allowed to be worn, however the newspaper is availiable in different locations of the westminster estate.
Criado-Perez.
Re-instate female figures on bank notes. removing women from history, if they are going to be replaced, replace them with powerful women.
Argued that the equality act 2010 commits public institutions to end discrimination.
recieved up to 50 rape and death threats a day on her twitter account. She was forced to delete her account. There is now a report abuse button.
Lucy Ann-Homes - fought a campaign to get rid of page three, and also received death threats.
Murray ends 77-year wait for British win, Ignores that 30 years ago Virginia won the British title.
Social networking is used ti perpetuate the male gaze.
Susan Sontag.
To photograph something, you are able to have some possesion of something. Like sexual voyuerism, it encourages what is going on to keep on happening.
Paparazzi shot of princess Diana. People desire these images, to see the mask of the celebrity lifted, to see them as ordinary people.
Reality television.
- Big brother appear to offer us a position of power, we see everything and have the descision on who goes and who stays.
There is no active role for the viewer.
contestants are aware of their representation.
The truman show (1988)
Who life is a reality television set. He discovers his world is a sham and everything around him is a staged event.
Big brother offers equality, both men and women but makes voyeurism an everyday activity, they cannot see us, but we can see them.
'Looking is not indifferent. There can never be any question of 'just looking'. Victor Burgin (1982)
'According to usage and conventions which are at last being questioned but by have'
Hans memling
Blames the woman for the display of her body, because she holds a mirror because she is therefore looking at herself, it is okay for us or others to look at her. The hammer of witches, allows people to prosecute woman as witches, any of those outside the norm. If you drowned you were innocent, if you floated you were guilty.
Fashion magazine.
The device of the mirror appears in contemporary fashion images, we cannot see her eyes or reflection in the mirror. She is pre-occupied by looking at herself, this gives us permission as the viewers to gaze at her too. A moment of spying upon her.
Birth of venus.
The woman in this image is partially covering her eyes, per or post sleep, we are left to regard the named body uninterrupted. We are invited by the artist, but the woman also does not stop us.
Sophie Dahl for opium.
This version of the advert was deemed too sexual for publishing, felt that it was too sexual and wouldnt pass the advertising standard. The advert was then turbed on its side, the advert now had more emphasis on the face rather than the body.
Titan's venus urbino. (1538)
Women looks out of the side of her eyes, a flirty invitation, we are then made to feel we are spying on her. The curtain dictates a personal space. Left hand covering herself modestly or a sexual gesture?
MANET olympia (1863)
- A modern nude.
An example of the slight differences of pose. Similar body position, There is a difference in the woman's gaze. Here there is a challenge to the gaze. Hand position is definite, stopping the viewer from viewing this part of her body. The woman is actually a prostitute, rather than being a mythological figure, she is a modern nude and she has the symbols of wealth, jewellery and a servant. Money is celebrated with this powerful female figure vs mythological woman.
Ingnes 'Le grand Odalisque' (1814)
The gorilla girls took the image and made it into a poster which they put on buses.
Less than 5% of modern artists are woman.
85% of the nudes are female.
MANET Bar at the folies bergeres (1882)
Makes painting as a self portrait. skeud perspective, mirror reflects her back but not as it should do in feel life. Reflected in the mirror behind her is the Paris society, which she is not a part of, from this we are able to depict the tradgedy of the photo, it also highlughts the superficiality of the Parisian culture.
Jeff wall 'Picture for women'
Same position as the previous painting, the image is complex. There is a mirrored wall behind her where he is reflected, image is divided into thirds, camera represents Manet, photographer is separated from female figure. Refers to the use of Manet's painting.
Coward. R. 1984.
The camera in contemporary media has been out to use as an extension of the male gaze at the women on the street.
Model is wearing sunglasses which means that the gaze cannot be returned, we are able to gaze at her without feeling we are being looked back at.
Eva Herzigova (1994)
Looking down at the people below, we are able to survey her without her knowing.
'Peeping tom' (1960)
The problem with objectification of the body results in the ditatchment of who women really are, real women.
The profusion of images which characterises contemporary society could be seen as obsessive distancing of women. A form of voyeurism.
The female body is not the only who is objectified.
He is 'sleeping' we are able to look at the image.
The problem is the volume of images.
In what frequency is objectification evident in ads.
Although male objectification has been increased it is no way balanced.
however this balance does no reflect the POWER balance.
Dolce and Gabbana. (2007)
all our gazes are returned, we are no passive.
Laura Mulberry.
Studies spectatorship in Hollywood cinema.
Looks at the way bodies are chopped up by the camera, framing where if there is a sexual scene, what parts of the body are in close up. Making the body partial removes us from the actress, the females in the films are never the driver os the story, they are reacting passively to the male characters.
In the cinema, one may look without being seen, by those on screen and those in the audience. Facilitate the voyueristic process of objectification of female characters and the identification if the ideal ego on screen.
Women are active and aggressive. Reposition the role of women in art history. The idea of the artist as a genius is always given to a male figure. Making their voices visible. Women are marginalised within masculine discourses of art history.' Women are supposed to be marginalised.
Cindy Sherman (1977-79) Untitled film still #6
Work challenges the gaze.
Image is turned upright so that there is more of a focus on the face.
Holding a mirror, rathern than looking at herself. We are denied the narritive that allows us to look at her without her looking back. There is something staged and awkward looking about the image.
Barbara Kruger (1981) Your gaze hits the side of my face.
Newspaper impression, reference to some sort of violent connotation, of objectifying women by looking at them.
Sarah Lucas 'Eating a bannana'
Pictures herself eating a banana. Humourous work with a strong message, returning the male gaze.
Self portrait with fried eyes - describes women with flat chests. No way that we are allowed to look at her without feeling challenged.
Tracey Emin 'Money photo' 2001.
Work couldnt be real or genuine because she was making so much money out of it, seen as prostitution.
In 2013 we still have page 3, a naked picture in a national newspaper for anybody to see. Caroline Lucas MP in june 2013. Was asked to remove her tshirt, draws attention to the ludicrous acts. The sun itself was availible in palimentry houses. (No more page 3)
It does strike me as irony ans the t shirt is not allowed to be worn, however the newspaper is availiable in different locations of the westminster estate.
Criado-Perez.
Re-instate female figures on bank notes. removing women from history, if they are going to be replaced, replace them with powerful women.
Argued that the equality act 2010 commits public institutions to end discrimination.
recieved up to 50 rape and death threats a day on her twitter account. She was forced to delete her account. There is now a report abuse button.
Lucy Ann-Homes - fought a campaign to get rid of page three, and also received death threats.
Murray ends 77-year wait for British win, Ignores that 30 years ago Virginia won the British title.
Social networking is used ti perpetuate the male gaze.
Susan Sontag.
To photograph something, you are able to have some possesion of something. Like sexual voyuerism, it encourages what is going on to keep on happening.
Paparazzi shot of princess Diana. People desire these images, to see the mask of the celebrity lifted, to see them as ordinary people.
Reality television.
- Big brother appear to offer us a position of power, we see everything and have the descision on who goes and who stays.
There is no active role for the viewer.
contestants are aware of their representation.
The truman show (1988)
Who life is a reality television set. He discovers his world is a sham and everything around him is a staged event.
Big brother offers equality, both men and women but makes voyeurism an everyday activity, they cannot see us, but we can see them.
'Looking is not indifferent. There can never be any question of 'just looking'. Victor Burgin (1982)
Tuesday, 29 October 2013
OUGD501 Identity Seminar
Main points from the lecture:
- Psuedo science, identity is based on physical characteristics you are born with it and cannot escape it, It is your biological make up, this is a trait of essentialism. Eg. If you are born back you are less intelligent.
Identity and 'the other' in visual representation.
- Creation of identities
- Concepts of 'otherness'
- Analysis of visual example.
Identity: Who we are and how others perceive who we are.
What makes you, YOU? (Individual subjectivities - our sense of self)
Discuss in small groups:
- Interests and hobbies.
- Your job/ course you study.
- Being a student/ non student.
- Morals (What you believe in).
- People you surround yourself with (family, friends, peers).
- Nationality and regional. (Where you are from). ENVIRONMENT.
- Appearance, how you decide to dress.
- If you have money, and If so, how you deal with your money. (Spend or save).
- Marital status (Society sees people differently, divorce, widowed, single etc)
- Era you were born in.
- Diet. (Alters the way you look, overeat, under eat, affective of health.)
Peoples diets are commodified (M&S) Finer foods are bought as symbols of identity.
Affects us physically and socially, we have a better outlook on life, once we have had a good meal etc. We are sometimes grumpy when hungry.
Dialectic (Both physical and social effects)
- Education.
How do you express your identity?
- Social media.
- How you dress/ look.
- Music you listen to.
- Places you choose to go to hang out.
- The brands you choose to buy (food, clothes, items)
- Possessions fashion. Particularly in urban environments where people are more anonymous. Used as a barrier to stop people knowing exactly who you are. An 'artificial' performance of identity.
However people from a more wealthy background may se it as the 'norm' to wear these brands.
Social interactions - How you treat others.
Mannerisms - presenting yourself differently to people ( friends as a contrast to your boss)
- Interests and hobbies.
- Whom you associate yourself with.
Our subjectivities are given to us through our wider society, but also our self creation of who we choose to be.
- Psuedo science, identity is based on physical characteristics you are born with it and cannot escape it, It is your biological make up, this is a trait of essentialism. Eg. If you are born back you are less intelligent.
Identity and 'the other' in visual representation.
- Creation of identities
- Concepts of 'otherness'
- Analysis of visual example.
Identity: Who we are and how others perceive who we are.
What makes you, YOU? (Individual subjectivities - our sense of self)
Discuss in small groups:
- Interests and hobbies.
- Your job/ course you study.
- Being a student/ non student.
- Morals (What you believe in).
- People you surround yourself with (family, friends, peers).
- Nationality and regional. (Where you are from). ENVIRONMENT.
- Appearance, how you decide to dress.
- If you have money, and If so, how you deal with your money. (Spend or save).
- Marital status (Society sees people differently, divorce, widowed, single etc)
- Era you were born in.
- Diet. (Alters the way you look, overeat, under eat, affective of health.)
Peoples diets are commodified (M&S) Finer foods are bought as symbols of identity.
Affects us physically and socially, we have a better outlook on life, once we have had a good meal etc. We are sometimes grumpy when hungry.
Dialectic (Both physical and social effects)
- Education.
How do you express your identity?
- Social media.
- How you dress/ look.
- Music you listen to.
- Places you choose to go to hang out.
- The brands you choose to buy (food, clothes, items)
- Possessions fashion. Particularly in urban environments where people are more anonymous. Used as a barrier to stop people knowing exactly who you are. An 'artificial' performance of identity.
However people from a more wealthy background may se it as the 'norm' to wear these brands.
Social interactions - How you treat others.
Mannerisms - presenting yourself differently to people ( friends as a contrast to your boss)
- Interests and hobbies.
- Whom you associate yourself with.
Our subjectivities are given to us through our wider society, but also our self creation of who we choose to be.
Stuart Hall.
Our identity is not something innate, there may be innate factors that go towards our subjectivities. These 5 categories equally decipher our selves.
- Laws that limit how we exist, suppressed by legality, society limits our desires by a certain extent.
- What we buy, the way we act, our affections, our mannerisms.
- What you do in society, what you do for a job. The role that you have is ultimately part of your identity through choice or not.
The things that you buy are related to your role, for instance if you are a business man you are expected to but your house certain things. From a welfare point of view you have the funds to purchase what others do not etc.
It is not enough to describe our identities as something that we just express, or about our jobs or what we own, because it is all of these things in a complex multi determining shift and cycle. All 5 of these elements to our make up, combine to create the ultimate you.
Jacques LACAN.
- Working after Freud as a physcoanalyst.
- Worked after Freud.
- Came up with the otherness.
- Came up with the idea that when you are born you do not understand and do not have any comprehension that you are distinct or separate from your mother, through breast feeding etc you are semiotically linked. When you are born you are a 'hommelette' a scrambled mix of parts you don't understand. They do not understand the separation of themselves from anything else in the world.
In the mirror stage 6-18 months, first stages of identity, a baby looking at itself in the mirror and seeing for the first time externally a sense of itself as a cohesive being in the world. First sense of being an individual. Particularly occurs through things like giving out signals and noticing these things have a response. Crying and helping, hungry and food.
We gain a sense of who we are through the actions/ response of the outside world to the things that we do, this is how we know ourselves to be independent individual and isolated.
After 18 months a lot of our sense of identity is secured.
Not who we would like to be or who we think we are, it is formed by the reception of others.
But this sense of our own identity is fragile. It is illusionary, We believe we are a powerful unit making changes in the world, however this is not true because babies cannot live without others help.
All of our identity masquerades, link back to our mirror phase, we are individual and when we act the world responds.
All the rest of our actions (dress, act, strive for status - popularity) same process, trying to strive for stability and identity. Never one moment when we are entirely happy because we never have that stable identity.
In the mirror phase in order to secure our identity we have to measure our selves as subjects against objects, against what we are not, involves taking other people and simplifying what they are (I am black because I am not white, I am a man because I am not a woman) Taking a limited reading of what others are to reaffirm to ourselves what we are as individuals. Securing our sense of self.
EXAMPLES OF OTHERING:
- Brands: Not about buying a gucci watch to be part of that affluent world, having a gucci watch to know you are not one of the council estate underclass.
- Accent: If you have renounced pronunciation, you are saying you are part of an educating cast, not part of the general working class who communicate with slang. By trying to be this way, we are trying to seem more secure, assuming we are better.
In the lynx advert:
Not just about buying something to smell nice. More complex, stereotyping, pushing another sense of society away. Buy using this deodorant you attract lots of women and are therefore more masculine, if not you are like the 'others' who are less masculine.
Whole societies depend on this. On a social level, shoring up unstable identities through the illusion of unity. We have to invent new cases of othering to constantly feel stable.
A problem of the other, at least we are not like this, and we do not have these problems, we live rightly and live in a stable world. Looking away from the problem, we are distanced from people and these issues. Article about aids next to advert about a boots advantage card in a magazine.
OUGD501 Identity Lecture
I had not attended this lecture due to Illness however these are the notes I was given from other members of my class
Identity lecture. Essentialism (traditional approach) draws on the idea that you have an inner essence, a biological make up that cannot be changed.
Physionogomy.
The closer you are to the vertical, the closer you are to the perfect race, the more intelligent you are, as you move away towards a diagonal line you are seen as unintelligent.
Phrenology.
18 th century - In a balanced human being you have equal parts of the brain broken down to represent 'society's good character'. If your animal instincts are larger, you are looked down upon by society.
Historical phases of identity.
Pre modern
- Personal identity is stable, desfined by long standing roles.
Institutions defined identity - church, monarchies etc.
Farm workers, soldier, factory worker, housewife and gemtleman, husband and wife. Tied to institutional agencys, industrial capatilism, the state, the church.
Modern
- People begin to have anxiety about who they are, and the idea that you can start choosing who you are.
Charles Baudelaire - The painter of modern life (1863)
Introduces the gentleman stroller, they are seeing and being seen, he has time on his hands, doesn't have to go to work, this is how his identity is formed.
Veblen - Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentleman of leisure. Consuming things that can be seen by others. Showing off wealth, in terms of visible objects. If you can show off in what you're wearing, you do not need to go to work.
Thorstein Veblen - The theory of leisure.
Emulation - The lower class aspires to be the upperclass, invention of cheap knock offs, and so the upperclass constantly change what they are wearing. Relevant today in the idea that new things always come around, Thinks are built in...
The mask - People hide behind what they wear.
'The feeling of isolation is rarely as decisive and intense when one actually finds oneself physically alone, as one is a stranger without relations...
demonstrates the anxiety we feel when separated in society by what we own/wear, so much so that we feel more alone when surrounded by people than we do when we are alone.
Post Modern
- You can change at will who you want to be.
Discourse analysis.
Cavallaro quote on discourse.
- Age
- Class
- Gender
- Nationality
- Income
- Education
- Race
Class
Nationaity
Race/ Ethnicity
Gender and sexuality.
To be non white european, middle class, and hetro sexual you are cast out.
others of this are deemed the 'Otherness'.
Zygmunt Bauman.
quote on identity.
Introspection - when you find yourself alone, instead of collecting their thoughts, scan their mobile phone etc, in case someone out there may want them.
I think therefore I am/ I shop therefore I am.
Barabra Kruger - Buy me, i'll change your life.
In the past on sundays family would have gone to church. The family trip to the shopping mall is the of incarnation.
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